27. On Healthcare:Free healthcare is indispensable; excessive healthcare is undesirable.

Illness is inherently painful. To add financial burden to this suffering is to compound the agony. To spend until one is bankrupt is to inflict unimaginable misery. To spend until bankrupt yet remain untreated is to endure a living hell.

No democratic nation should burden its citizens with medical expenses, much less allow them to be ruined financially by seeking treatment. Logically, the state has an obligation to safeguard citizens' health by providing free healthcare. Citizens are the foundation of a nation's existence—without them, there is no state. Therefore, to preserve its own existence, the state must ensure citizens' well-being. Moreover, citizens' labor is the sole source of national wealth. Using the wealth created by citizens to ensure equitable health is entirely reasonable. Finally, illness is a possibility for any individual citizen, but an inevitability for the citizens of a nation. Therefore, the burden should not fall on each citizen to prepare for the possible, but on the state to prepare for the inevitable. Consequently, the state has an obligation to provide medical security for its citizens, with medical expenses primarily borne by the state.

To prevent overmedicalization, a completely free healthcare system should not be implemented. Given human nature's inherent self-interest, if all medical care were free, it would inevitably lead to endless treatment. Therefore, medical expenses should be shared between the state and its citizens. The proportion borne by the state should be set to avoid both overmedicalization and medical costs becoming an unbearable burden for citizens. Specifically, a principle could be established where the state fully covers major illnesses, while minor illnesses are shared between the state and citizens.

The purpose of healthcare is to safeguard citizens' health and alleviate suffering from illness, not to prolong life indefinitely or achieve immortality. Using medical means to artificially extend lifespan either wastes social resources or creates social injustice. All research into extending human lifespan should be prohibited, as such research consumes the collective wealth of all citizens while benefiting only a wealthy minority. Should an elixir of immortality ever be developed, it would certainly not be accessible to ordinary citizens but reserved for the privileged elite. Once these elites transcend the natural limits of human longevity, they would inevitably seek to perpetually exploit other citizens. Therefore, democratic nations must never permit research into technologies that extend human lifespan. Respecting the lifespan granted by nature is a fundamental civic virtue.

Furthermore, democratic nations must prohibit organ transplants. Regardless of whether organs are voluntarily donated, any procedure requiring organs from others must be banned. A crucial method to enforce this prohibition is imposing severe penalties on all physicians performing organ transplant surgeries.